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ABSTRACT
Objectives: The number of commercial beneficiaries cared for by accountable care organizations (ACOs) is growing, but the literature examining their trends is nascent.
Study Design: We examined commercial claims data from 2019 to 2021 to compare beneficiaries attributed to participants in Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs with and without a major teaching hospital.
Methods: We calculated mortality and spending by setting for each ACO type by year.
Results: Compared with per-beneficiary rates at nonteaching ACOs, major teaching ACOs have lower mortality rates by up to 2.2 percentage points depending on the patient age group, $283 lower inpatient spending, and lower emergency department utilization in inpatient (–0.008) and outpatient (–0.013) settings, as well as $146 higher overall outpatient spending. Upward trends in mortality and beneficiary risk scores across both ACO types show disruption to health outcomes during COVID-19.
Conclusions: These results provide evidence that ACOs with major teaching hospitals may be more likely to achieve the value-based goals of ACOs. Means to accomplish those goals may include avoiding higher-intensity care and supporting access to lower-cost alternatives where clinically appropriate, such as reducing inpatient and emergency department stays by delivering timely, high-quality outpatient care.