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On August 9, 2018, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a proposed rule that would set a new direction for the Medicare Shared Savings Program (Shared Savings Program). Referred to as “Pathways to Success,” this proposed new direction for the Shared Savings Program would redesign the participation options available under the program to encourage Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to transition to two-sided models (in which they may share in savings and are accountable for repaying shared losses), increase savings for the Trust Funds and mitigate losses, reduce gaming opportunity and increase program integrity, and promote regulatory flexibility and free-market principles. This proposed rule would also strengthen beneficiary engagement, ensure rigorous benchmarking, and help improve care for Medicare beneficiaries, with an emphasis on combatting opioid addiction and expanding the use of interoperable electronic health record technology among ACO providers/suppliers. The proposed policies also include changes to address the additional tools and flexibilities for ACOs established by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA of 2018), specifically in the areas of new beneficiary incentives, telehealth services, choice of beneficiary assignment methodology, and voluntary alignment refinements.